Archaeology in the Gilmore Yard

Civil War-era artifacts recovered from units behind the cabin. From top to bottom: brass fitting, brass rivets, two Union eagle buttons, and a Sharps carbine bullet.

In July 2002, the Montpelier Archaeology Department hosted an archaeological field school with State University of New York at Potsdam for excavations at the Gilmore Farm. Immediately below the topsoil, cobblestone pavements were encountered in three areas of the yard: 1) a linear path/road in the eastern yard; 2) a large stone pad in the back yard; and 3) a stone pad in the front yard.

What is unusual about these pavements is their orientation. Instead of being oriented with the old Plank Road (present-day Route 20) - in the way that the cabin is - they are located at a 45 degree angle to the cabin. This suggests is two things: 1) the stone pavements are historically associated with each other based on their orientation, and 2) they represent a different episode of construction from the cabin. There is some possibility that the path is part of a road that runs along the top of the ridge. These stone pavements are possibly associated with the Civil War encampments that are throughout the woods on the east side of Route 20. Not only was the possible association suggested by the presence of camps adjacent to the Gilmore Farm, but also by Civil War artifacts (buttons and bullets) recovered from these same units.

In July and August of 2005, the Montpelier Archaeology Department (with assistance of the 2005 State University of New York at Potsdam Field School) discovered what we believe is the first home built by the Gilmore family (George Gilmore being a former slave of James Madison). Evidence for the structure appears in a 1920 photograph of the cabin and back yard. When archaeologists placed excavation units in the area behind the cabin they found evidence for the chimney base for the structure and evidence for a chimney for a Confederate hut. Based on the archaeological finds, archaeologists believe that when the Gilmores first moved onto the land in the late 1860s, they might have disassembled a Confederate hut and used the timbers and stone to build their initial residence. Once the Gilmores saved enough money to purchase the timbers for the present Gilmore Cabin, they disassembled the chimney of their initial home and used the stones for the present chimney at the cabin. Plans are being made to complete excavations in the back yard and reconstruct the Gilmore's initial home (which in later years was used for a workshop or a kitchen.

Map showing the position of stone pathway beside the Gilmore Cabin.	The 2005 field season revealed the potential location of the early Gilmore residence and the chimney base of a Confederate hut. The inset photo shows the structure still in existence but with the chimney removed, likely to be 'recycled' onto the new cabin built in 1873. [Click picture for larger image.]